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Tychonoff's Theorem

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Tychonoff's theorem is of great importance when dealing with the study of compactness, and has far reaching results in the construction of the Stone-Cech Compactification, notable for its universal property.

The product of compact topological spaces is compact.

Let X=αAXαX = \prod_{\alpha \in A} X_{\alpha} be a Tychonoff space. We will use the universal nets definition of compactness to prove XX is compact. Also, we use the fact that the net {xβ}\lbrace x_{\beta} \rbrace converges in XX iff each of its projections πα(xβ)\pi_{\alpha} (x_{\beta}) converges.

If ff is a continuous mapping and {xβ}\lbrace x_{\beta} \rbrace is a universal net, then f(xβ)f(x_{\beta}) is universal. Therefore, because πα\pi_{\alpha} is continuous for all α\alpha, and beacuse XX is compact for all α\alpha, we conclude that for all universal nets {xβ}\lbrace x_{\beta} \rbrace, the projections πα(xβ)\pi_{\alpha}(x_{\beta}) converge for all α\alpha, and thus {xβ}\lbrace x_{\beta} \rbrace converges.

Note that we are proving that the product of an arbitrary family of compact spaces is compact, which makes the task seem a lot less difficult than it is. Still, universal nets make the proof nice and easy. A special case is where all Xα=[0,1]X_{\alpha} = [0, 1].